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The Peninsular Plateau

 

  • The peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
  • It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land.
  • This plateau consists of two divisions namely the central highlands and the Deccan plateau.

Central highlands:

  • The part of the peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river, covering a major area of malwa plateau is known as central highlands.
  • The Vindhya range is bounded by Satpura in south and Aravalli in the northwest.
  • The rivers Chambal, the sind, the betwa, and ken are flowing from southwest to northeast.
  • The central highlands are wider in the west and narrow in the east.
  • The eastward extension of this plateau is locally called Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand.
  • The Chota Nagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension central highlands.



Deccan Plateau :

  • Deccan plateau lies south of the Narmada river.
  • Satpura range is on the north of Deccan plateau, Mahadev, the kaimur hills, and mailkar range are the eastward extension of the Satpura range.
  • Deccan plateau is higher in the west i.e... Deccan plateau is slightly tilted toward the east.
  • Western and eastern ghats are edges of the west and east of the Deccan plateau respectively.
  • western ghats lie parallel to the western coast, they are continuous, western ghats are higher than the eastern ghats.
  • Eastern ghats are discontinuous, the rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal.
  • The average elevation of western ghats is 900 meters -1600 meters.
  • The average elevation of eastern ghats is 600meters.
  • The height of western ghats increases from north to south.
  • The highest peak in the western ghat is Anai Mudi (2,695 meters), Doda Betta (2,637 meters).
  • Mahendragiri(1,501 meters) is the highest peak in the eastern ghats.
  • One of the distinct features of the peninsular plateau is the black soil area known as Deccan Trap. this is because of volcanic origin.

The Coastal Plains:

  • The western coast is a sandwich between the western ghats and the Arabian sea.
  • It consists of three sections northern part of the coast is called Konkan, the central part is called Kannad plain, the southern part is called the Malabar Coast.
  • Eastern coast is a sandwich between the Bay of Bengal and eastern ghats . its northern part is called circar, the southern part is called the Coromandel coast.

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