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Panchayati Raj system (73rd constitutional amendment act)

 Introduction:

  • System of local self-government.
  • The 73rd constitution amendment bill was passed in 1992. And came into force on 24 April 1993.
Recommendation of committees
Balwantria Mehta committee
  • democratic decentration
  • Establishment of 3 tier Panchayati Raj system - Gram panchayat, Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad.
  • all planning and development activities should be entrusted to these bodies.
  • The District Collector should be the head of Zila Parishad.
  • There should be a genuine transfer of powers and responsibilities to these democratic bodies
  • This report was discussed by the national development council. and approved it. ( Didn't recommend a rigid approach) .
  • Rajasthan was the first state to empower the panchayat raj system.
Ashok Mehta committee...
  • replace 3 tier system with a 2 tier System Zila Parishad and a Mandal panchayat
  • There should be official participation of political parties at all levels
  • Reservation of seats for SCs and STs on the bases of there Population
73rd Amendment Act, 1992.:
The transition from representative to participative democracy.
provision:
Gram Sabha is a body that consists of persons registered in electoral rolls of the village.
  • 3 tier structure
  • At gram Sabha level, intermediate level, district level.
  • States which have less then 20lakh population need not create an intermediate level.
  • Elections to panchayat raj are conducted by the state election commission.
  • The duration of the panchayat is 5 years.
  • member and chairperson are elected by direct election.
  • Reservation of seats for SCs and STs on the bases of there Population
  • 1/3 seats are reserved for women.
  • State legislative can empower panchayat to collect tax, tolls, grant in aid
  • State finance commission is set up by the governor for the distribution of funds between state and panchayats.
  • The 73rd amendment is not applied to Tribal areas.

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