Upsc Civil Services Exam Content

  Rocks are categorized into 3 types on the base of the mode of formation they are Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Igneous Rocks: Igneous Rocks are formed from the magma and lava From the interior of the earth When Magma cools and solidifies Igneous rocks are formed. This process can happen in earth crust or on the surface of the earth If molten material cooled slowly at great depth mineral grains may be very large. sudden colling results in small and smooth grains . Sedimentary Rocks: Rocks of the earth's surface area exposed to denudational agents and are broken up into different size fragments. These fragments are transported by different exogenous agents and deposited. This deposition turns into rocks. Depending on the mode of formation sedimentary rocks are classified into three types. mechanically formed Examples: sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, etc. organically formed Example: chalk, limestone, coal, etc. chemically formed Ex...

  The peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land. This plateau consists of two divisions namely the central highlands and the Deccan plateau. Central highlands: The part of the peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river, covering a major area of malwa plateau is known as central highlands. The Vindhya range is bounded by Satpura in south and Aravalli in the northwest. The rivers Chambal, the sind, the betwa, and ken are flowing from southwest to northeast. The central highlands are wider in the west and narrow in the east. The eastward extension of this plateau is locally called Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chota Nagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension central highlands. Deccan Plateau : Deccan plateau lies south of the Narmada river. Satpura range is on the north of Deccan plateau, Mahadev, the kaimur hills, and mailkar range are t...

  Introduction: The last National policy in Education was introduced by the government in 1986 after 34 years in 2020 new education policy has approved by the union cabinet. Reforms: The Ministery of Human Resource and Development has been replaced by the Education Ministery. The 10+2 Structure in the schooling system has been replaced by the 5+3+3+4 formate. It includes 12 years of schooling and 3 years of Anganwadi and pre-schooling. First, five years is the foundation stage. Next three years preparatory stage i.e from class 3 to 5. The next three years are the middle stage i.e from class 6 to 8. The next four years are secondary stage i.e from class 9 to 12. The mother tongue or local language is the medium of instruction in all schools up to class 5. Instead of Exam held every year. Exams will be held for classes 3,5,8. Indigenous and tribal cultures will be incorporated into the curriculum. The government will set up the Higher Education Council of India to regulate higher ed...

  Introduction : Soil is classified in different types based on texture, color, and moisture. Alluvial Soil: Alluvial Soil is the most available soil in India i.e. 43%. Formed by the process of transportation and deposition by the rivers. Found in the northern part of Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra plains, and in peninsular India near Narmada, Tapi, Krishna, Godavari basins. Highly fertile in nature, rich in organic matter, rich in potash, poor in phosphorus, low in nitrogen and humus hence fertilizers are used for crop growth. The color of the soil varies from light gray to ash gray. New alluvial soil is called Khadar and Old alluvial soil is called Bangar. Khadar is more fertile than Bangar. Plants grow in alluvial soil are wheat, rice, maize, sugar cane, pulses, oilseeds. Red Soil: These are formed due to the decomposition of rocks like granite and gneisses. they are rich in iron and magnesium This t...